Corpus 1,272 assessed · 1,173 scored · 643 reproduced ≥75 · 168 flagged ·∅ 74.1/100
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Using prototyping to choose a bioinformatics workflow management system.

PLoS Comput Biol · 2021
L1 No computation 2/4
Why this verdict

Part of the results reproduced; minor but material deviations remained.

Reproduced on the brainbox compute brainarbeit.com
Scoring basis — itemised

Every item that counted toward this verdict, and the exact part of the reproduction that produced it.

Supporting (toward a concern)
Content-critical question only partially held
+2 pts
From: Q5 · Derivability / plausibility 🟡
Content-critical question only partially held
+2 pts
From: Q7 · Core claim 🟡
Content-critical question only partially held
+2 pts
From: Q8 · Severity of the miss (overall human judgment) 🟡
Minor / cosmetic deviation
+1 pts
From: Q4 · Cause of the deviation 🟡
Input / endpoint not comparable 1:1
+1 pts
From: Q1 · Data identity 🔴
Concordant (toward reproduced)
Code + data deposited & functional
-2 pts
From: Data & code availability Available & functional
Total score +6
✓ What held up
  • No relevant deviation in data/preprocessing
  • Any deviation was negligible
What did not (or only partly)
  • 🔴Could not use the authors’ exact input data
  • 🔴Reported values were only indirectly comparable
  • 🟡A deviation was attributed to the published material
  • 🟡Reported values were not (fully) derivable from the shared data
  • 🟡The central claim did not (fully) hold under reproduction
  • 🟡Overall, the reproduction showed a material discrepancy
Reproduction agent’s raw note

DROP (non_pipeline). 'Using prototyping to choose a bioinformatics workflow management system' (Jackson, Kavoussanakis, Wallace; PLoS Comput Biol 2021) is a software-engineering experience report: it advocates prototyping a subset of a real workflow in each candidate tool to choose software, using the authors' selection of a WMS for the RiboViz ribosome-profiling pipeline as the worked example (shortlist Snakemake/cwltool/Toil/Nextflow; chose Nextflow; ~10 person-days). It deposits NO biological dataset and reports NO pipeline-derived numeric output to reproduce. The brief's 'Data' DOI (zenodo 840663) is a documentation citation (CWL User Guide), and the 'Code' link (snakemake) is one of four cited WMS repos, not author code -- both are text-mining false positives. The only quantitative content is descriptive project metadata (Table 3, dated 28 Feb 2020) and subjective effort/feature observations (Table 5); none is a bioinformatic pipeline result. The single cleanly-verifiable claim (Nextflow start = 2013) was confirmed via the GitHub API but is metadata, not a computation. NOT ATTEMPTED: any SLURM/«our HPC» compute (nothing to compute), any data download (none exists). No fabrication indicated -- authors frame the numbers honestly as a dated snapshot and their own prototyping experience. Verdicts are PROVISIONAL; a human signs off (see AUDIT.md).

💻 Code ↗ 🗄 Data: 10.5281/zenodo.840663

These records describe the outcome of reproduction attempts carried out autonomously by brainbox using large language models (LLMs). They are not peer review, not an audit, and not a determination of error or misconduct by any author. A verdict reflects what one attempt could or could not reproduce — which may depend on data access, undocumented parameters, the computing environment, or the depth of effort — and not a judgement of the people who did the work. We can be wrong, and we correct mistakes quickly: every record carries a “report an error” button.

Assessment versions

Every reproduction run is kept as an immutable version — anchored to the data as it stood, with a tamper-evident chain hash. A rerun (e.g. after an author updates a deposit) adds a new version; the previous one stays on record.

  1. v1 current initial assessment
    assessed: 2026-06-18 ⛓ fb8376526f8e
✎ I am an author of this paper

Updated or fixed a deposit, or is there an erratum? Ask us to re-run the metrics. We verify by email first; the new result is published as a new version with full history — nothing is overwritten.

Reason for the rerun

We email you a confirmation link first. The rerun is an objective re-measurement — it cannot change the verdict in your favour, only ask us to look again.

Provenance — full disclosure

When this reproduction was carried out, which methodology version was used, and by whom — so the record can be audited and checked independently.

Reproduced
2026-06-18
Rubric version
v1.0
Assessed by
🤖 AI curator · claude (ai-curator room) · v1.0 · run #1 2026-06-18
no human curator yet
Last updated
2026-08-05

Provisional, curator- or AI-assessed, and independently checkable. A reproduction outcome states what one attempt could reproduce — not a judgement of the authors.

Deep full-text extraction

Model: opus
Founding hypothesis

Can rapid prototyping of a subset of a real analysis workflow within candidate workflow management systems provide a low-cost, more informed basis for selecting a workflow management system (for the RiboViz ribosome profiling pipeline) than relying on reviews and recommendations alone?

Core claims
  • Prototyping a subset of a project's actual workflow in candidate software offers a low-cost (time and effort) way to make a more informed software selection than relying solely on reviews and recommendations. method
  • After surveying and prototyping, Nextflow was chosen as the workflow management system for RiboViz. finding
  • The full selection process (survey plus prototyping) took 10 person-days, a small cost relative to the assurance gained. finding
  • A rapid (non-systematic) survey using popularity, open-source licence, stability/future, and text-based development environment criteria shortlisted four candidates: Snakemake, cwltool, Toil, and Nextflow. method
  • The original RiboViz Python analysis script was effectively becoming a custom workflow management system lacking re-entrancy, incremental build, and parallel execution, motivating adoption of an off-the-shelf system. mechanism
  • Workflow management systems provide a common workflow description language, reproducibility, reusable components, incremental build, re-entrancy, and portability via containers/HPC/cloud. finding
  • RiboViz is an open-source (Apache 2.0) high-throughput sequencing analysis pipeline specialised for ribosome profiling data. resource
  • Each candidate was allotted 2–3 person-days of prototyping; if nothing productive could be implemented, it would be abandoned for the next. method
Experimental setups
Assay System Perturbation Readout Platform
Prototyping/implementation of a workflow subset (first 5 RiboViz steps: build rRNA and ORF indices, adapter trimming, rRNA contaminant removal, ORF alignment) RiboViz ribosome profiling pipeline none ease of use, documentation quality, ease of implementation, required/useful functionality, container/HPC/cloud support Snakemake
Prototyping/implementation of a workflow subset (first 5 RiboViz steps) RiboViz ribosome profiling pipeline none ease of use, documentation quality, ease of implementation, required/useful functionality, container/HPC/cloud support Nextflow
Prototyping/implementation of a workflow subset (first 5 RiboViz steps) RiboViz ribosome profiling pipeline none ease of use, documentation quality, ease of implementation, required/useful functionality, container/HPC/cloud support cwltool (CWL reference implementation)
Prototyping/implementation of a workflow subset (first 5 RiboViz steps) RiboViz ribosome profiling pipeline none ease of use, documentation quality, ease of implementation, required/useful functionality, container/HPC/cloud support Toil (CWL production implementation)
Web-search-based survey of available workflow management systems bioinformatics workflow management software landscape none popularity, licence, stability/maintenance to shortlist candidates Google web search
Repository/web-statistics review of shortlisted systems open-source repositories of Snakemake, Nextflow, cwltool, Toil none software licence, project start date, last updated, number of contributors, search results
Key results
  • Nextflow was selected as the workflow management system for RiboViz following prototyping evaluation
  • Total selection effort was 10 person-days (3 for survey + 2–3 per candidate prototype) 10 person-days
  • Nextflow had the most contributors among shortlisted systems 230 contributors
  • Nextflow had the highest number of web search results among candidates 23,800 results
Key statistics
  • count 10 person-days (total cost of the workflow management system selection process)
  • count 2-3 person-days per candidate (effort allotted to prototyping each shortlisted system)
  • count 122 (Snakemake contributors (28 February 2020))
  • count 230 (Nextflow contributors (28 February 2020))
  • count 72 (cwltool contributors (28 February 2020))
  • count 81 (Toil contributors (28 February 2020))
  • count 23,000 / 23,800 / 2,440 / 20,700 (Google search results for Snakemake / Nextflow / cwltool / Toil bioinformatics (28 February 2020))
  • count 3 person-days (effort to survey available software and shortlist candidates)

Statistical methods review

Model: sonnet

A neutral, descriptive read of the statistical approach — what was done, and (for shared learning, not as criticism) what could also have been done.

This is a software engineering methods paper describing a qualitative prototyping-based selection process for a bioinformatics workflow management system. The study surveyed available systems, shortlisted four candidates (Snakemake, cwltool, Toil, Nextflow), and evaluated each by prototyping a subset of the RiboViz workflow. No inferential statistics were employed; quantitative data were limited to descriptive counts (GitHub contributors, web search result counts) and effort estimates in person-days. Selection was based on qualitative criteria assessed during hands-on prototyping.

Replicationunclear Sample sizeFour candidate systems evaluated; 2–3 person-days allotted per candidate; total survey phase approximately 3 person-days. No formal sample-size or power rationale stated. GroupsFour workflow management systems (Snakemake, cwltool, Toil, Nextflow) assessed against the same qualitative criteria Pairingna Randomization/blindingnot stated Dispersionnone
Approaches that could also have been used
  • Popularity of candidate systems was proxied by Google search result counts for '<system> bioinformatics'
    Could also: Package download statistics (e.g., Bioconda/conda-forge download counts), citation counts in peer-reviewed literature, or GitHub star/fork counts could also quantify community adoption — Download or citation metrics are more directly linked to active use than search result counts, which can be sensitive to search-term order and SEO; multiple converging metrics would give a broader picture of community uptake
  • Evaluation of the four candidates used informal qualitative criteria assessed subjectively during prototyping
    Could also: A formal multi-criteria decision analysis (MCDA) or weighted-scoring matrix could also structure the same qualitative criteria — A weighted-scoring approach makes the relative importance of each criterion explicit and reproducible, allowing readers to re-weight criteria according to their own project priorities
  • Each candidate received a fixed time budget (2–3 person-days) as the evaluation window
    Could also: A standardised benchmark task set with defined acceptance tests could also be used to ensure each system is evaluated against identical, objectively measurable outcomes — Fixed tasks with pass/fail criteria reduce evaluator-to-evaluator variability and make comparisons more reproducible across teams with different prior experience with each system
  • The shortlisting phase relied on informal web searches rather than a systematic literature review
    Could also: A PRISMA-style systematic review of workflow management systems, or use of established catalogues (e.g., the bio.tools registry), could also generate the candidate list — A systematic approach documents the search strategy and inclusion/exclusion criteria, improving transparency and reducing the risk of overlooking relevant tools
  • The evaluation produced a single final decision (Nextflow selected) with no quantitative uncertainty estimate around that choice
    Could also: Inter-rater reliability measures (e.g., Cohen's kappa) across multiple independent evaluators scoring the same criteria could also be reported — When selection relies on qualitative judgement, documenting agreement between independent raters conveys how reproducible the outcome would be if a different team performed the same evaluation
Software: GitHub (repository statistics) · Google Search (web search result counts)

What was reproduced

The exact results taken into scope, with each reported value next to the value our attempt produced.

Scope — pmid-33630841

Title: Using prototyping to choose a bioinformatics workflow management system. Authors: Jackson M, Kavoussanakis K, Wallace EWJ. PLoS Comput Biol 2021. PMID: 33630841 · PMCID: PMC7906312 · DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1008622 Full text used: Europe PMC JATS XML for PMC7906312 (PMC HTML was CAPTCHA-blocked).

What kind of paper this is

This is a software-engineering experience / methodology report, not a data-analysis paper. Its thesis: when a project needs to pick a tool (here, a workflow management system, WMS), prototyping a subset of the real workflow in each candidate is a low-cost way to make an informed choice. The authors needed a WMS to re-implement the RiboViz ribosome-profiling analysis workflow (a Python script), shortlisted four candidates — Snakemake, cwltool, Toil, Nextflow — prototyped a subset of the RiboViz workflow in each, and chose Nextflow. The whole selection took ~10 person-days.

In scope (pipeline-derived computational results)

NONE. The paper reports no biological pipeline outputs — no counts, no quantified-expression values, no figures generated by running RiboViz on data. There is no result of the form "running pipeline P on dataset D yields value V" that could be regenerated and compared.

Out of scope (everything the paper actually contains)

All reported numbers are descriptive / subjective experience-report content, not pipeline outputs:

Reported content Location Why out of scope for pipeline reproduction
Repository statistics (licence, start date, #contributors, #search results) Table 3 Project-metadata snapshot taken 28 Feb 2020; time-dependent; not a pipeline output.
Feature-support matrix (iteration, error recovery, containers, dry-run, …) Table 5 Subjective hands-on observations made during prototyping.
#RiboViz steps prototyped per WMS (14/3/3/5) Table 5 Records the authors' own prototyping effort, not a reproducible computation.
Person-days to implement (1/1/1/2) and selection cost (10 person-days) Abstract, Table 5 Human effort measurement, irreproducible by definition.
Shortlisting criteria, evaluation criteria Tables 1, 2, 4 Qualitative methodology description.
Choice of Nextflow Results/Discussion Editorial conclusion, not a computation.

Provenance correction (text-mining false positives in the RU brief)

The reproduction brief carried two auto-harvested links that do not denote this paper's artifacts:

  • Code: https://github.com/snakemake/snakemake — this is merely one of the four cited WMS repos (the others: nextflow-io/nextflow, common-workflow-language/cwltool, DataBiosphere/toil). It is not the authors' code. The authors' own artifacts are github.com/riboviz/riboviz (the RiboViz package) and github.com/riboviz/workflows (the prototype workflows).
  • Data: zenodo:10.5281/zenodo.840663 — this is reference 29 (Hodges T, Crusoe MR. Common Workflow Language User Guide. zenodo; 2017), i.e. documentation, not a biological dataset. The paper deposits no data; its only availability statement is "The source code is available on GitHub (riboviz/riboviz)."

Conclusion

There is no pipeline-derived computational result to reproduce. The eligible signal was a harvester false positive (a generic GitHub link + a documentation DOI mistaken for a dataset). Controlled outcome: drop · non_pipeline (secondary: no biological data accession; no pinnable pipeline result). See AUDIT.md for the honest cross-checks actually performed.

Figures / tables: Table
c02
Reported
Nextflow project start date = 2013 (Table 3)
Reproduced
2013 (GitHub nextflow-io/nextflow created_at 2013-03-27)
exact
c01,c03,c04
Reported
Snakemake 2013 / cwltool 2014 / Toil 2011 start dates (Table 3)
Reproduced
uncheckable-from-github (repo created_at reflects migrations/org moves)
partial
c05-c08
Reported
Contributor counts as of 28 Feb 2020 (Snakemake 122, Nextflow 230, cwltool 72, Toil 81; Table 3)
Reproduced
not-attempted (time-stamped historical snapshot, irreproducible now)
partial
c09-c12
Reported
RiboViz steps prototyped 14/3/3/5; person-days 1/1/1/2; total ~10 person-days; chose Nextflow (Table 5, Abstract)
Reproduced
NA (human effort + editorial conclusion)
partial

Assessments & scoring basis

Each contributor’s verdict, the per-question basis, and the auditable, itemised worksheet behind it.

🤖 AI curator · claude (ai-curator room) · v1.0 L1 50/100

An automated assessment. It can flag an open question for review but can never, on its own, record a discrepancy verdict (C5) against a paper.

🔴1. Data identity
🔴2. Endpoint comparability
🟢3. Location of the main deviation
🟡4. Cause of the deviation
🟡5. Derivability / plausibility
🟢6. Severity of the deviation
🟡7. Core claim
🟡8. Severity of the miss (overall human judgment)
Scoring basis — itemised

Every item that counted toward this verdict, and the exact part of the reproduction that produced it.

Supporting (toward a concern)
Content-critical question only partially held
+2 pts
From: Q5 · Derivability / plausibility 🟡
Content-critical question only partially held
+2 pts
From: Q7 · Core claim 🟡
Content-critical question only partially held
+2 pts
From: Q8 · Severity of the miss (overall human judgment) 🟡
Minor / cosmetic deviation
+1 pts
From: Q4 · Cause of the deviation 🟡
Input / endpoint not comparable 1:1
+1 pts
From: Q1 · Data identity 🔴
Concordant (toward reproduced)
Code + data deposited & functional
-2 pts
From: Data & code availability Available & functional
Total score +6

This is a correctly-identified non-pipeline drop: an experience report (Jackson et al., PLoS Comput Biol 2021) advocating prototyping to select a WMS, depositing no biological data and reporting no pipeline-derived numeric result. The flagged data DOI is a documentation citation and the code link is one of four cited WMS repos, not author code — both text-mining false positives. The single comparable claim (Nextflow start = 2013) matched the GitHub created_at exactly; the remaining figures are time-stamped metadata or human-effort counts that are non-derivable by nature, not an authors' defect, and there is no fabrication indication. Non-reproducibility here is intrinsic to the paper type (data-availability / non-pipeline), so the case is yellow, not critical.

🤝
Reproduced automatically — and fairly

Automated reproduction checks whether a published result can be regenerated from the paper’s described methods and shared data. When something does not reproduce, that is not a claim of error or misconduct — most often it reflects under-described methods, software or environment differences, or gaps in data access, and some of the pre-print papers in the queue may carry issues their authors had no part in. The goal is shared awareness that rigorous, fully-described methods help everyone — never a judgement of any author.

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Reproduction footprint

claude-opus-4-8

Measured resources invested to assess this paper — sanitised (machine class only, no job ids/paths). Compute = HPC accounting (SLURM); tokens = the AI agent's session.

69.5 k
tokens (I/O) · 3.2 M incl. cache
18 min
runtime
Per-job HPC accounting not captured for this run — the runtime shown is the reproduction’s measured wall-clock time.